Fiat to debut Europe's only 2-cylinder engine

500 minicar's TwinAir takes downsizing to a new level

Fiat S.p.A. is taking engine downsizing to a new level with the introduction of its new 900cc, two-cylinder TwinAir unit.

When it goes on sale in the Fiat 500 minicar this summer, the 85-hp turbocharged engine will be the only two-cylinder engine available in a car in Europe.

Fiat will debut the engine at the Geneva auto show on March 2.

Globally, Tata Motors is the only other carmaker currently offering a two-cylinder engine. The Nano minicar, which debuted in India last summer, has a 33-hp 623cc engine.

Automakers are removing cylinders and lowering the displacement of their engines to meet tougher CO2 emissions rules that take effect in Europe in 2012.

Fiat has not released the TwinAir's official CO2 performance information, only saying that the 500 minicars sold with the engine will produce less than 100 grams per kilometer of the greenhouse gas.

The greenest version of the 500, the PUR-02 equipped with a standard stop-start system, currently emits 113g/km.

The TwinAir engine is a key part of Fiat brand's aim to remain Europe's leader when it comes to fleet CO2 emissions in Europe.

Fiat brand had average CO2 emissions of 129g/km in the first half of 2009, according to UK-based market researcher JATO Consult. That places it ahead of Toyota, which had fleet emissions of 132.9g/km during the same period.

Tiny engines

Internally called SGE, for Small Gasoline Engine, the TwinAir has Fiat's fuel-saving MultiAir technology. MultiAir improves power and cuts fuel consumption by 10 percent with electrohydraulic variable valve timing.

Fiat chose the TwinAir name to because this is the first application of MultiAir technology on a two-cylinder engine.

In terms of capacity, Fiat's TwinAir is the smallest gasoline engine available in Europe. Mercedes Benz unit Smart's ForTwo minicar offers Europe's lowest-displacement engine, a 45-hp 799cc three-cylinder diesel.

Rivals such has Volkswagen AG started developing a two-cylinder unit for its new Up family of minicars, but decided to continue using the group's gasoline and diesel three-cylinder engines.

Chevrolet, Citroen, Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Opel/Vauxhall, Peugeot, Subaru, Suzuki and Toyota also offer three-cylinder engines in Europe.

Fiat has a long tradition of two-cylinder engines. Its first debuted as a 13-hp 569cc unit in the 1936 Topolino. A 13-hp 479cc unit was used in the 500 that arrived in 1957. The last two-cylinder engine built by Fiat was the 31-hp 704cc unit offered on the Cinquecento minicar from 1991 to 1996.

Quick expansion

In addition to the 85-hp TwinAir that debuts in Geneva, there will be a turbocharged 105-hp version and a 65-hp normally aspirated variant of the engine.

Fiat will add the TwinAir engine to other minicars and subcompacts, beginning with the successors to the Fiat Panda and Lancia Ypsilon minicars. Both replacements are due in the second half of 2011.

The TwinAir, which is designed to run on gasoline or compressed natural gas, will be built at Fiat Powertrain Technologies' plant of Bielsko Biala, Poland.

Fiat has not yet announced production volumes for the engine.

Office 2010 prices: the good, the bad and the costly

Microsoft has announced UK pricing for Office 2010 and once again there's bad news for British customers.

UPDATE: MICROSOFT COCK-UP ADDS £30 TO OFFICE 2010 PRICE

Buyers of Office Home and Business are being asked to pay £240 (all UK prices include VAT) for the full boxed version of the software, over £60 more than the US price of £178 ($280) on a straight dollar conversion. Office Professional, which includes every app in the Office portfolio, will cost £430* in Britain, but only £318 ($500) in the US.

"There are a number of different things that play a role [in British Office pricing]," explained Microsoft's Office product manager, Chris Adams, when PC Pro asked him to explain the discrepancies. "There's not one specific thing that leads to differences between us and the US," he said, citing factors such as foreign exchange rates, the cost of localisation and varying production costs from country-to-country.

There's not one specific thing that leads to differences between us and the US

The good news is that the price differences aren't too steep on the entry-level suite, Office Home and Student, which includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote. The price of the full boxed version in the UK is £110, compared to a US price of £95 ($120).

All prices are only Microsoft's suggested figures, and retailers will undoubtedly sell the software at below ticket price.

Product Key Cards

Microsoft is introducing a new Product Key Card scheme with Office 2010. This will see trial versions of the Office software pre-installed on new PCs, which users will be able to unlock with a code purchased from retailers or Microsoft itself.

There is, however, a catch with this new system. Although the Key Card codes are cheaper, they only include one licence rather than the three that come with the boxed versions of the software.

That means buyers will pay £90 to unlock Office Home and Student on a single PC, but only £20 more to get a licence for three PCs and, of course, the full back-up disc media that comes inside the box.

Adams says that Microsoft hopes retailers will make this distinction clear to buyers when they purchase a new PC, although as PC Pro's own investigations have shown, High Street retailers aren't exactly renowned for their technical competence.

Retailers will be able to set their own prices for the physical key cards, but at launch only Microsoft will be able to deliver Office unlock codes over the internet. Adams confirmed that Microsoft will be charging full retail prices for these codes.

The Office 2010 price list

Office Home and Student 2010 - £110 (£90 for Product Key Card)

Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Web Apps

Office Home and Business 2010 - £240 (£190)

Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, Office Web Apps

Office Professional 2010 - £430* (£300)

Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OneNote, Outlook, Publisher, Access, Office Web Apps, premium technical support

(Revised price, was originally stated as £400)

3 Tesla employees killed in California plane crash

Three employees of Tesla Motors were killed in a small airplane crash in northern California today, the electric car maker's chief executive said.

A Cessna 310 struck an electrical tower after taking off this morning and crashed into a residential neighborhood, killing all three people on board, according to local police. Tesla confirmed all had worked at the company.

Tesla is withholding the employees' names while it works with authorities to notify their families, CEO Elon Musk said.

"Tesla is a small, tightly-knit company, and this is a tragic day for us," Musk said.

Tesla is one of the best-known companies in an emerging electric car industry that is growing as more people seek clean-energy alternatives in their daily lives.

Tesla filed for an initial public offering of up to $100 million last month. The company was co-founded by and is currently run by Musk, an entrepreneur who made his fortune as co-founder of online payments service provider PayPal.

The three employees were mid-level engineers, said a person familiar with the matter, who was not authorized to give out details about the fatalities.

The plane was registered to Air Unique Inc. in Santa Clara, Calif. Air Unique was registered with Tesla engineer Doug Bourn. It was not known whether Bourn was on board.

The plane left the Palo Alto Airport at about 7 a.m. PST bound for Hawthorne Municipal Airport in Southern California. It lost power before striking the tower, breaking off a wing, East Palo Alto Police Department Captain John Chalmers said.

The wing hit a house, causing a fire. The rest of the aircraft struck parked vehicles, Chalmers said. There were no reports of injuries on the ground, Chalmers said.

According to FAA spokesman Ian Gregor, the plane crashed about one mile northeast of the airport.

The FAA does not know if the foggy weather was a factor. Three FAA safety investigators were on the scene, and a National Transportation Safety Board investigator was scheduled to arrive today.

Wired.com said it had confirmed that J.B. Straubel, Tesla's chief technology officer, wasn't aboard.